Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ka koko mekokolekaa loaʻa iā ia nā pono meaʻai like ʻole e hiki ke hōʻoia i nā ʻano olakino maikaʻi.ʻO ka pīni koko kahi kumu pōʻino o nā polyphenols meaʻai, loaʻa nā antioxidants hope loa ma mua o ka hapa nui o nā meaʻai.Ua ʻike maopopo ʻia ka pili ʻana o nā polyphenols me nā hopena olakino maikaʻi, no laila ua waiwai ka koko i nā polyphenols, a ʻo ke kokoleka ʻeleʻele, aia ka hapa nui o ka cacao a me nā pūhui antioxidants kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i nā ʻano kokoleka ʻē aʻe, ua manaʻo nui i ke olakino.

Nā ʻano meaʻai o ka koko

He nui ka momona o ka koko, ~40 -50% i loko o ka pata koko.Aia kēia me 33% oleic acid, 25% palmitic acid, a me 33% stearic acid.ʻO ka polyphenol ma kahi o 10% o ka paona maloʻo piha.ʻO nā polyphenols i loko o ka koko he catechins (37%), anthocyanidins (4%), a me proanthocyanins (58%).ʻO ka proanthocyanins ka phytonutrient nui loa i ka koko.

He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻawaʻawa o ka polyphenols ke kumu o ka ʻai ʻole ʻia o nā pī koko i hoʻoponopono ʻole ʻia;ua hoʻomohala nā mea hana i kahi ʻenehana hana e hoʻopau i kēia ʻawaʻawa.Eia naʻe, hoʻemi nui kēia kaʻina hana i ka ʻike polyphenol.Hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka ʻike polyphenol a hiki i ka ʻumi.

Loaʻa i nā pīni koko nā pūhui nitrogenous - ʻo ia ka protein a me nā methylxanthine, ʻo ia hoʻi ka theobromine a me ka caffeine.He waiwai nui ka koko i nā minerala, phosphorus, hao, potassium, copper, a me ka magnesium.

ʻO nā hopena cardiovascular o ka ʻai koko

ʻai nui ʻia ka koko ma ke ʻano he kokoleka;Ua ʻike ʻia ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻai kokoleka ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, me ka ulu nui ʻana o ke kokoleka ʻeleʻele ma muli o kona kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka koko a me nā hopena olakino e pili ana i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka maʻamau a i ʻole ka waiū kokoleka.Eia kekahi, e hele mai i nā kokoleka me ka haʻahaʻa koko koko e like me ka waiū kokoleka e pili pinepine ʻia me nā hanana ʻino ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kō a me nā mea momona.

Ma ke ʻano o ka ʻai ʻana i ka koko, ʻo ke kokoleka ʻeleʻele ka meaʻai koko nui e pili ana i nā hopena hoʻoikaika kino;ʻAʻole ʻono ka koko i kona ʻano maka.

Aia kekahi ʻano o nā hopena maikaʻi ma ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular e pili ana i ka ʻai mau ʻana i nā meaʻai a me nā mea inu i loko o ka koko e pili ana i kēia mau hopena i ke kahe koko, ka hana vascular a me ka platelet, a me ka pale ʻana i ka insulin.

Hiki i nā polyphenols, aia i loko o ka nui o ka koko a me ke kokoleka ʻeleʻele, hiki ke hoʻāla i ka endothelial nitrogen oxide synthase.Ke alakaʻi nei kēia i ka hana o ka nitrogen oxide, ka mea e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke koko ma o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka vasodilation.Ua hōʻike nā haʻawina i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka wikiwiki o ka nalu pulse a me ka helu helu sclerotic.Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā epicatechins plasma e kōkua i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā vasodilators i loaʻa i ka endothelium a hoʻonui i ka neʻe ʻana o nā procyanidins plasma.Ke alakaʻi nei kēia i ka hana nui o ka nitrogen oxide, a me kona bioavailability.

I ka wā i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai, hoʻāla pū ka nitrogen oxide i ke ala o ka prostacyclin synthesis, e hana pū ana ma ke ʻano he vasodilator a pēlā pū kekahi i ka pale ʻana i ka thrombosis.

Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi loiloi ʻōnaehana e hoʻopili ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kokoleka maʻamau, i helu ʻia he <100g/wiki, me ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka maʻi cardiovascular;ʻO ka nui o ke kokoleka kūpono he 45g i kēlā me kēia pule, ʻoiai ma nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻai ʻana, hiki ke pale ʻia kēia mau hopena olakino e ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kō.

E pili ana i nā ʻano kikoʻī o ka maʻi maʻi cardiovascular, ua hoʻopili ʻia kahi noiʻi koʻikoʻi o Suedena i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kokoleka me ka hōʻemi o ka pilikia o ka myocardial infarction a me ka maʻi naʻau ischemic.Eia naʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia ka nele o ka pilina ma waena o ka ʻai kokoleka a me ka pilikia o ka fibrillation atrial i loko o kahi hui o nā kauka kāne kāne o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.Ma waho aʻe o kēia, ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia kahi haʻawina e pili ana i ka heluna kanaka o 20,192 i kahi hui ma waena o ka ʻai kokoleka kiʻekiʻe (a hiki i 100 g / lā) a me ka hōʻeha ʻana o ka naʻau.

Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ka koko i ka hana i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi cerebral e like me ka hahau ʻana;ʻO kahi Kepani nui, ka heluna kanaka, ka noiʻi ʻana i koho ʻia i kahi hui ma waena o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hahau ʻana i nā wahine, akā ʻaʻole nā ​​kāne, e pili ana i ka ʻai kokoleka.

ʻO ka hopena o ka ʻai koko i ka homeostasis glucose

Loaʻa i ka koko nā flavanols e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka homeostasis glucose.Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka carbohydrate a me ka absorption i loko o ka ʻōpū, ka mea i hoʻokumu i ke kumu mechanistic o kā lākou hana.Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana koko a me nā procyanidins i ka nui o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka pancreatic α-amylase, pancreatic lipase, a me ka phospholipase A2 huna.

ʻO ka koko a me kāna mau flavanols hoʻi i hoʻomaikaʻi i ka glucose insensitivity ma o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka lawe ʻana o ka glucose a me nā protein hōʻailona insulin i loko o nā ʻiʻo pili i ka insulin e like me ke ake, adipose tissue, a me ka ʻiʻo iwi.Mālama kēia i ka pōʻino oxidative a me ka inflammatory e pili ana i ka maʻi diabetes type 2.

Ua hōʻike pū ʻia nā hualoaʻa mai ka Kauka Ola Ola i ka pilina ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka ʻai koko a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi diabetes.I loko o kahi pūʻulu o nā kānaka lehulehu, ua ʻike ʻia kahi pilikia haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi type 2, me ka ʻai nui loa o nā huahana kokoleka a me nā flavonoids i loaʻa i ka koko.

Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi e pili ana i nā wahine hāpai Kepani i ka emi ʻana o ka maʻi diabetes gestational i waena o kēlā mau wahine i ka quartile kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻai kokoleka.

ʻO nā haʻawina ʻē aʻe e hōʻike ana i ka hui ʻana o ka koko a me ka homeostasis glucose ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo nā ʻāpana koko a me nā procyanidins e kāohi i ka hana ʻana o nā enzymes no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā kaʻa a me nā lipids, e hōʻike ana i kahi hana putative i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaumaha o ke kino e hui pū me ka meaʻai hoʻemi-calorie. .

Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi kanaka makapō hoʻokahi, kahi placebo-controlled crossover kanaka i nā pōmaikaʻi metabolic o ka ʻai ʻana i polyphenol-rich dark chocolate a me ka hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole me ka polyphenol-poor chocolates.

ʻO ka hopena o ka ʻai koko i ka maʻi kanesa

He mea hoʻopaʻapaʻa ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka koko ma ke kanesa.ʻO nā haʻawina mua i manaʻo mua ʻia e hiki i ka ʻai kokoleka ke lilo i kumu predisposing i ka ulu ʻana o ka colorectal a me ka maʻi maʻi umauma.Eia nō naʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina ʻē aʻe e hiki i ka koko ke kāohi i ka ulu ʻana o nā maʻi kanesain vitro;ʻoiai naʻe, ʻaʻole maopopo loa nā ʻano hana no kēia hana anti-cancer.

E pili ana i ka mea hana i loko o ka koko e hoʻopuka ana i nā hopena anti-cancer, ua hōʻike ʻia nā procyanidins e hōʻemi i ka nui a me ka nui o nā maʻi maʻi ʻāʻī a me ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka nui o ka thyroid adenoma i nā ʻiole kāne.Hiki i kēia mau pūhui ke kāohi i ka mammary a me ka pancreatic tumorigenesis i nā ʻiole wahine.Hoʻemi pū ka Cocoa procyanidins i ka hana e pili ana i nā hana pili i ka tumo e like me ka hana ʻana o ka mea ulu endothelial vascular a me ka hana angiogenic.

Ua hōʻike ʻia ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā laina cell cancer ovarian me nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka koko i waiwai nui i ka procyanidin e hoʻoulu i ka cytotoxicity a me ka chemosensitization.ʻO ka mea nui, he pākēneka koʻikoʻi o nā cell i ka pae G0/G1 o ka pōʻai cell me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻike.Ma waho aʻe o kēia, ua hopu ʻia kekahi hapa nui o nā cell i ka pae S.Manaʻo ʻia kēia mau hopena i ka piʻi ʻana o nā pae intracellular o nā ʻano oxygen reactive.

Ua hōʻike pū kekahi mau haʻawina i nā hopena like ʻole o ka koko i ka pilikia a me ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi kanesa.Ua hōʻike ʻia nā polyphenols koko e hana i nā hopena antiproliferative ma muli o ke keakea ʻana i ka polyamine metabolism i lokoin vitrohaʻawina kanaka.Inin vivoUa hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi ʻiole i nā proanthocyanidins i loko o ke kokoleka ʻeleʻele e kāohi i ka mutagenicity o nā maʻi maʻi pancreatic i ka pae hoʻomaka a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hopena chemoprotective i loko o ka māmā, e hōʻemi ana i ka ulu ʻana a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā carcinomas ma ke ʻano i hilinaʻi ʻia.

No ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka hopena piha o ka koko i ka hopena o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka pilikia a i ʻole ke koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi kanesa, pono ka unuhi hou ʻana a me nā haʻawina e hiki mai ana.

ʻO ka hopena o ka koko i ka ʻōnaehana pale

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e pili ana i nā hopena ʻōnaehana pale e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka koko a i ʻole ka hoʻohana kokoleka e hiki ke hoʻololi i ka meaʻai i hoʻonui ʻia i ka koko ke hoʻololi i nā pane kūlohelohe o ka ʻōpū i nā ʻiole ʻōpio.ʻO ka mea nui, ua hōʻike ʻia ka theobromine a me ka koko i ke kuleana no ka ʻōnaehana antibody intestinal a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka haku mele lymphocyte i nā ʻiole olakino olakino.

Ma nā noiʻi ʻana i nā kānaka, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi haʻawina hoʻopaʻa ʻelua makapō i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kokoleka ʻeleʻele i hoʻomaikaʻi i nā mea leukocyte adhesion a me ka hana vascular i nā kāne i ke kaumaha.Eia kekahi, i komo i loko o ka cross-sectional, observational, kanaka haʻawina i moderately pau koko i loaʻa i ka emi pinepine o ka maʻi maʻi hoʻohālikelike i nā mea kūʻai haʻahaʻa.Eia kekahi, ua pili like ka ʻai ʻana i ka koko me nā allergies a me ka hana kino.

Ka hopena o ka koko i ke kaumaha o ke kino

Ma ke ʻano like ʻole, aia kahi hui ma waena o ka ʻai ʻana i ka koko a me kāna kuleana kūpono ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau e kūʻē i ka momona a me ka metabolic syndrome.Hele mai kēia mai kekahi mauin vitronā ʻiole a me nā ʻiole a me nā hoʻāʻo hoʻokele randomized, nā haʻawina hoʻopaʻa kanaka, a me nā haʻawina hoʻomalu hihia i nā kānaka.

I nā ʻiole a me nā ʻiole, ua hoʻemi ʻia nā ʻiole momona i hoʻohui ʻia me ka koko i ka ulu ʻana o ka mumū pili i ka momona, ka maʻi ate momona, a me ke kū ʻana o ka insulin.Hoʻemi pū ka ʻai ʻana o ka koko i ka synthesis o ka momona momona a lawe ʻia i ke ake a me nā ʻiʻo adipose.

I loko o ke kanaka, hiki i ka ʻala a i ʻole ka ʻai ʻana i ke kokoleka ʻeleʻele ke hoʻololi i ka pōloli, kaohi ʻana i ka ʻai ma muli o nā loli i loko o ka ghrelin, ka hormone kuleana no ka manaʻo o ka pōloli.Hiki i ka ʻai mau ʻana i ke kokoleka ʻeleʻele ke hoʻopōmaikaʻi i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lipoprotein cholesterol kiʻekiʻe (ʻo ka cholesterol 'maikaʻi'), ka ratio o nā lipoproteins, a me nā hōʻailona mumū;Ua ʻike ʻia nā hopena like i ka wā i ʻike ʻia ai ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kokoleka ʻeleʻele i hui pū ʻia me nā ʻalemona, e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā profile lipid i loko o ke koko.

Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, hiki i ka koko a me kāna mau huahana i loaʻa ke hana ma ke ʻano he meaʻai pono no ka mea aia kekahi mau pūhui e hoʻohua ai i nā pono olakino.Hoʻopili kona pōmaikaʻi olakino maikaʻi i nā ʻōnaehana immune, cardiovascular, a me ka metabolic e inoa i kekahi.Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina i nā hopena maikaʻi o ka ʻai ʻana i ka koko ma ka ʻōnaehana nū waena.

Aia kekahi mau palena me nā haʻawina i hoʻolālā ʻia e noiʻi i ka hopena o ka koko - ʻo ia hoʻi, e loiloi lākou i nā waiwai hoʻoikaika kino o ka koko a ʻaʻole o ke kokoleka ponoʻī.He mea kaulana kēia no ka mea, ʻai nui ʻia ka koko ma ke ʻano o ke kokoleka, ʻokoʻa kona ʻano meaʻai mai ka koko.No laila, ʻaʻole like loa ke kuleana o ke kokoleka i ke olakino o ke kanaka me ka koko.

ʻO nā palena ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka liʻiliʻi o nā noiʻi epidemiological e nānā ana i nā hopena olakino o ka koko ma nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole - ʻo ia hoʻi ke kokoleka ʻeleʻele e piʻi nui ana i ka kaulana.Eia kekahi, aia kekahi mau mea hoʻohilahila e like me nā ʻāpana meaʻai ʻē aʻe, nā hōʻike ʻana i ke kaiapuni, ka nohona, a me ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kokoleka, a me kāna ʻano hana e kaupalena ai i ka ikaika o nā hōʻike i hōʻike ʻia e nā haʻawina.

Pono nā haʻawina unuhi hou aʻe e hoʻoholo ai i ka hopena o ka ʻai ʻana i ka koko, a me ke kokoleka a no ka hōʻoia ʻana i nā hopena i hōʻike ʻia i loko o nā hoʻokolohua in vitro i nā holoholona.